SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector; vector --------- [1,2,3] (1 row) SELECT '[-1,-2,-3]'::vector; vector ------------ [-1,-2,-3] (1 row) SELECT '[1.,2.,3.]'::vector; vector --------- [1,2,3] (1 row) SELECT ' [ 1, 2 , 3 ] '::vector; vector --------- [1,2,3] (1 row) SELECT '[1.23456]'::vector; vector ----------- [1.23456] (1 row) SELECT '[hello,1]'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[hello,1]" LINE 1: SELECT '[hello,1]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[NaN,1]'::vector; ERROR: NaN not allowed in vector LINE 1: SELECT '[NaN,1]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::vector; ERROR: infinite value not allowed in vector LINE 1: SELECT '[Infinity,1]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::vector; ERROR: infinite value not allowed in vector LINE 1: SELECT '[-Infinity,1]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[1.5e38,-1.5e38]'::vector; vector -------------------- [1.5e+38,-1.5e+38] (1 row) SELECT '[1.5e+38,-1.5e+38]'::vector; vector -------------------- [1.5e+38,-1.5e+38] (1 row) SELECT '[1.5e-38,-1.5e-38]'::vector; vector -------------------- [1.5e-38,-1.5e-38] (1 row) SELECT '[4e38,1]'::vector; ERROR: "4e38" is out of range for type vector LINE 1: SELECT '[4e38,1]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[-4e38,1]'::vector; ERROR: "-4e38" is out of range for type vector LINE 1: SELECT '[-4e38,1]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[1e-46,1]'::vector; vector -------- [0,1] (1 row) SELECT '[-1e-46,1]'::vector; vector -------- [-0,1] (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1,2,3" LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3'::vector; ^ SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1,2,3]9" LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]9'::vector; ^ DETAIL: Junk after closing right brace. SELECT '1,2,3'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "1,2,3" LINE 1: SELECT '1,2,3'::vector; ^ DETAIL: Vector contents must start with "[". SELECT ''::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "" LINE 1: SELECT ''::vector; ^ DETAIL: Vector contents must start with "[". SELECT '['::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[" LINE 1: SELECT '['::vector; ^ SELECT '[ '::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[ " LINE 1: SELECT '[ '::vector; ^ SELECT '[,'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[," LINE 1: SELECT '[,'::vector; ^ SELECT '[]'::vector; ERROR: vector must have at least 1 dimension LINE 1: SELECT '[]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[ ]'::vector; ERROR: vector must have at least 1 dimension LINE 1: SELECT '[ ]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[,]'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[,]" LINE 1: SELECT '[,]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[1,]'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1,]" LINE 1: SELECT '[1,]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[1a]'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1a]" LINE 1: SELECT '[1a]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[1,,3]'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1,,3]" LINE 1: SELECT '[1,,3]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[1, ,3]'::vector; ERROR: invalid input syntax for type vector: "[1, ,3]" LINE 1: SELECT '[1, ,3]'::vector; ^ SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(3); vector --------- [1,2,3] (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(2); ERROR: expected 2 dimensions, not 3 SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(3, 2); ERROR: invalid type modifier LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(3, 2); ^ SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector('a'); ERROR: invalid input syntax for type integer: "a" LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector('a'); ^ SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(0); ERROR: dimensions for type vector must be at least 1 LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(0); ^ SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(16001); ERROR: dimensions for type vector cannot exceed 16000 LINE 1: SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector(16001); ^ SELECT unnest('{"[1,2,3]", "[4,5,6]"}'::vector[]); unnest --------- [1,2,3] [4,5,6] (2 rows) SELECT '{"[1,2,3]"}'::vector(2)[]; ERROR: expected 2 dimensions, not 3 SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector + '[4,5,6]'; ?column? ---------- [5,7,9] (1 row) SELECT '[3e38]'::vector + '[3e38]'; ERROR: value out of range: overflow SELECT '[1,2]'::vector + '[3]'; ERROR: different vector dimensions 2 and 1 SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector - '[4,5,6]'; ?column? ------------ [-3,-3,-3] (1 row) SELECT '[-3e38]'::vector - '[3e38]'; ERROR: value out of range: overflow SELECT '[1,2]'::vector - '[3]'; ERROR: different vector dimensions 2 and 1 SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector * '[4,5,6]'; ?column? ----------- [4,10,18] (1 row) SELECT '[1e37]'::vector * '[1e37]'; ERROR: value out of range: overflow SELECT '[1e-37]'::vector * '[1e-37]'; ERROR: value out of range: underflow SELECT '[1,2]'::vector * '[3]'; ERROR: different vector dimensions 2 and 1 SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector || '[4,5]'; ?column? ------------- [1,2,3,4,5] (1 row) SELECT array_fill(0, ARRAY[16000])::vector || '[1]'; ERROR: vector cannot have more than 16000 dimensions SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector < '[1,2,3]'; ?column? ---------- f (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector < '[1,2]'; ?column? ---------- f (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector <= '[1,2,3]'; ?column? ---------- t (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector <= '[1,2]'; ?column? ---------- f (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector = '[1,2,3]'; ?column? ---------- t (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector = '[1,2]'; ?column? ---------- f (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector != '[1,2,3]'; ?column? ---------- f (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector != '[1,2]'; ?column? ---------- t (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector >= '[1,2,3]'; ?column? ---------- t (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector >= '[1,2]'; ?column? ---------- t (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector > '[1,2,3]'; ?column? ---------- f (1 row) SELECT '[1,2,3]'::vector > '[1,2]'; ?column? ---------- t (1 row) SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[1,2,3]'); vector_cmp ------------ 0 (1 row) SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[0,0,0]'); vector_cmp ------------ 1 (1 row) SELECT vector_cmp('[0,0,0]', '[1,2,3]'); vector_cmp ------------ -1 (1 row) SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2]', '[1,2,3]'); vector_cmp ------------ -1 (1 row) SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2,3]', '[1,2]'); vector_cmp ------------ 1 (1 row) SELECT vector_cmp('[1,2]', '[2,3,4]'); vector_cmp ------------ -1 (1 row) SELECT vector_cmp('[2,3]', '[1,2,3]'); vector_cmp ------------ 1 (1 row) SELECT vector_dims('[1,2,3]'::vector); vector_dims ------------- 3 (1 row) SELECT round(vector_norm('[1,1]')::numeric, 5); round --------- 1.41421 (1 row) SELECT vector_norm('[3,4]'); vector_norm ------------- 5 (1 row) SELECT vector_norm('[0,1]'); vector_norm ------------- 1 (1 row) SELECT vector_norm('[3e37,4e37]')::real; vector_norm ------------- 5e+37 (1 row) SELECT vector_norm('[0,0]'); vector_norm ------------- 0 (1 row) SELECT vector_norm('[2]'); vector_norm ------------- 2 (1 row) SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]'::vector, '[3,4]'); l2_distance ------------- 5 (1 row) SELECT l2_distance('[0,0]'::vector, '[0,1]'); l2_distance ------------- 1 (1 row) SELECT l2_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[3]'); ERROR: different vector dimensions 2 and 1 SELECT l2_distance('[3e38]'::vector, '[-3e38]'); l2_distance ------------- Infinity (1 row) SELECT l2_distance('[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]'::vector, '[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,4,5]'); l2_distance ------------- 5 (1 row) SELECT '[0,0]'::vector <-> '[3,4]'; ?column? ---------- 5 (1 row) SELECT inner_product('[1,2]'::vector, '[3,4]'); inner_product --------------- 11 (1 row) SELECT inner_product('[1,2]'::vector, '[3]'); ERROR: different vector dimensions 2 and 1 SELECT inner_product('[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]'); inner_product --------------- Infinity (1 row) SELECT inner_product('[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]'::vector, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'); inner_product --------------- 45 (1 row) SELECT '[1,2]'::vector <#> '[3,4]'; ?column? ---------- -11 (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[2,4]'); cosine_distance ----------------- 0 (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[0,0]'); cosine_distance ----------------- NaN (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::vector, '[1,1]'); cosine_distance ----------------- 0 (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,0]'::vector, '[0,2]'); cosine_distance ----------------- 1 (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::vector, '[-1,-1]'); cosine_distance ----------------- 2 (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[3]'); ERROR: different vector dimensions 2 and 1 SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::vector, '[1.1,1.1]'); cosine_distance ----------------- 0 (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,1]'::vector, '[-1.1,-1.1]'); cosine_distance ----------------- 2 (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]'); cosine_distance ----------------- NaN (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::vector, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'); cosine_distance ----------------- 0 (1 row) SELECT cosine_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::vector, '[-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-9]'); cosine_distance ----------------- 2 (1 row) SELECT '[1,2]'::vector <=> '[2,4]'; ?column? ---------- 0 (1 row) SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]'::vector, '[3,4]'); l1_distance ------------- 7 (1 row) SELECT l1_distance('[0,0]'::vector, '[0,1]'); l1_distance ------------- 1 (1 row) SELECT l1_distance('[1,2]'::vector, '[3]'); ERROR: different vector dimensions 2 and 1 SELECT l1_distance('[3e38]'::vector, '[-3e38]'); l1_distance ------------- Infinity (1 row) SELECT l1_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::vector, '[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'); l1_distance ------------- 0 (1 row) SELECT l1_distance('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'::vector, '[0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8]'); l1_distance ------------- 9 (1 row) SELECT '[0,0]'::vector <+> '[3,4]'; ?column? ---------- 7 (1 row) SELECT l2_normalize('[3,4]'::vector); l2_normalize -------------- [0.6,0.8] (1 row) SELECT l2_normalize('[3,0]'::vector); l2_normalize -------------- [1,0] (1 row) SELECT l2_normalize('[0,0.1]'::vector); l2_normalize -------------- [0,1] (1 row) SELECT l2_normalize('[0,0]'::vector); l2_normalize -------------- [0,0] (1 row) SELECT l2_normalize('[3e38]'::vector); l2_normalize -------------- [1] (1 row) SELECT binary_quantize('[1,0,-1]'::vector); binary_quantize ----------------- 100 (1 row) SELECT binary_quantize('[0,0.1,-0.2,-0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,-0.7,0.8,-0.9,1]'::vector); binary_quantize ----------------- 01001110101 (1 row) SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 1, 3); subvector ----------- [1,2,3] (1 row) SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 3, 2); subvector ----------- [3,4] (1 row) SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, -1, 3); subvector ----------- [1] (1 row) SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 3, 9); subvector ----------- [3,4,5] (1 row) SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 1, 0); ERROR: vector must have at least 1 dimension SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 3, -1); ERROR: vector must have at least 1 dimension SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, -1, 2); ERROR: vector must have at least 1 dimension SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 2147483647, 10); ERROR: vector must have at least 1 dimension SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, 3, 2147483647); subvector ----------- [3,4,5] (1 row) SELECT subvector('[1,2,3,4,5]'::vector, -2147483644, 2147483647); subvector ----------- [1,2] (1 row) SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]']) v; avg ----------- [2,3.5,5] (1 row) SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v; avg ----------- [2,3.5,5] (1 row) SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::vector[]) v; avg ----- (1 row) SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::vector, '[3]']) v; ERROR: expected 2 dimensions, not 1 SELECT avg(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]']) v; avg --------- [3e+38] (1 row) SELECT vector_avg(array_agg(n)) FROM generate_series(1, 16002) n; ERROR: vector cannot have more than 16000 dimensions SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]']) v; sum ---------- [4,7,10] (1 row) SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2,3]'::vector, '[3,5,7]', NULL]) v; sum ---------- [4,7,10] (1 row) SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY[]::vector[]) v; sum ----- (1 row) SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[1,2]'::vector, '[3]']) v; ERROR: different vector dimensions 2 and 1 SELECT sum(v) FROM unnest(ARRAY['[3e38]'::vector, '[3e38]']) v; ERROR: value out of range: overflow