// Copyright 2017 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

// Flags: --allow-natives-syntax

// Malformed named captures.
assertThrows("/(?<>a)/u", SyntaxError);  // Empty name.
assertThrows("/(?<aa)/u", SyntaxError);  // Unterminated name.
assertThrows("/(?<42a>a)/u", SyntaxError);  // Name starting with digits.
assertThrows("/(?<:a>a)/u", SyntaxError);  // Name starting with invalid char.
assertThrows("/(?<a:>a)/u", SyntaxError);  // Name containing with invalid char.
assertThrows("/(?<a>a)(?<a>a)/u", SyntaxError);  // Duplicate name.
assertThrows("/(?<a>a)(?<b>b)(?<a>a)/u", SyntaxError);  // Duplicate name.
assertThrows("/\\k<a>/u", SyntaxError);  // Invalid reference.
assertThrows("/\\k<a/u", SyntaxError);  // Unterminated reference.
assertThrows("/\\k/u", SyntaxError);  // Lone \k.
assertThrows("/(?<a>.)\\k/u", SyntaxError);  // Lone \k.
assertThrows("/(?<a>.)\\k<a/u", SyntaxError);  // Unterminated reference.
assertThrows("/(?<a>.)\\k<b>/u", SyntaxError);  // Invalid reference.
assertThrows("/(?<a>a)\\k<ab>/u", SyntaxError);  // Invalid reference.
assertThrows("/(?<ab>a)\\k<a>/u", SyntaxError);  // Invalid reference.
assertThrows("/\\k<a>(?<ab>a)/u", SyntaxError);  // Invalid reference.
assertThrows("/(?<a>\\a)/u", SyntaxError);  // Identity escape in capture.

// Behavior in non-unicode mode.
assertThrows("/(?<>a)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<aa)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<42a>a)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<:a>a)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a:>a)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a>a)(?<a>a)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a>a)(?<b>b)(?<a>a)/", SyntaxError);
assertTrue(/\k<a>/.test("k<a>"));
assertTrue(/\k<4>/.test("k<4>"));
assertTrue(/\k<a/.test("k<a"));
assertTrue(/\k/.test("k"));
assertThrows("/(?<a>.)\\k/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a>.)\\k<a/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a>.)\\k<b>/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a>a)\\k<ab>/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<ab>a)\\k<a>/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/\\k<a>(?<ab>a)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/\\k<a(?<a>a)/", SyntaxError);
assertTrue(/(?<a>\a)/.test("a"));

assertEquals(["k<a>"], "xxxk<a>xxx".match(/\k<a>/));
assertEquals(["k<a"], "xxxk<a>xxx".match(/\k<a/));

assertEquals({a: "a", b: "b", c: "c"},
             /(?<a>.)(?<b>.)(?<c>.)\k<c>\k<b>\k<a>/.exec("abccba").groups);

// A couple of corner cases around '\k' as named back-references vs. identity
// escapes.
assertTrue(/\k<a>(?<=>)a/.test("k<a>a"));
assertTrue(/\k<a>(?<!a)a/.test("k<a>a"));
assertTrue(/\k<a>(<a>x)/.test("k<a><a>x"));
assertTrue(/\k<a>(?<a>x)/.test("x"));
assertThrows("/\\k<a>(?<b>x)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/\\k<a(?<a>.)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/\\k(?<a>.)/", SyntaxError);

// Basic named groups.
assertEquals(["a", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<a>a)/u));
assertEquals(["a", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<a42>a)/u));
assertEquals(["a", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<_>a)/u));
assertEquals(["a", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<$>a)/u));
assertEquals(["bab", "a"], "bab".match(/.(?<$>a)./u));
assertEquals(["bab", "a", "b"], "bab".match(/.(?<a>a)(.)/u));
assertEquals(["bab", "a", "b"], "bab".match(/.(?<a>a)(?<b>.)/u));
assertEquals(["bab", "ab"], "bab".match(/.(?<a>\w\w)/u));
assertEquals(["bab", "bab"], "bab".match(/(?<a>\w\w\w)/u));
assertEquals(["bab", "ba", "b"], "bab".match(/(?<a>\w\w)(?<b>\w)/u));

assertEquals(["a", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<a>a)/));
assertEquals(["a", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<a42>a)/));
assertEquals(["a", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<_>a)/));
assertEquals(["a", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<$>a)/));
assertEquals(["bab", "a"], "bab".match(/.(?<$>a)./));
assertEquals(["bab", "a", "b"], "bab".match(/.(?<a>a)(.)/));
assertEquals(["bab", "a", "b"], "bab".match(/.(?<a>a)(?<b>.)/));
assertEquals(["bab", "ab"], "bab".match(/.(?<a>\w\w)/));
assertEquals(["bab", "bab"], "bab".match(/(?<a>\w\w\w)/));
assertEquals(["bab", "ba", "b"], "bab".match(/(?<a>\w\w)(?<b>\w)/));

assertEquals("bab".match(/(a)/u), "bab".match(/(?<a>a)/u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/(a)/u), "bab".match(/(?<a42>a)/u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/(a)/u), "bab".match(/(?<_>a)/u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/(a)/u), "bab".match(/(?<$>a)/u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/.(a)./u), "bab".match(/.(?<$>a)./u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/.(a)(.)/u), "bab".match(/.(?<a>a)(.)/u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/.(a)(.)/u), "bab".match(/.(?<a>a)(?<b>.)/u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/.(\w\w)/u), "bab".match(/.(?<a>\w\w)/u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/(\w\w\w)/u), "bab".match(/(?<a>\w\w\w)/u));
assertEquals("bab".match(/(\w\w)(\w)/u), "bab".match(/(?<a>\w\w)(?<b>\w)/u));

assertEquals(["bab", "b"], "bab".match(/(?<b>b).\1/u));
assertEquals(["baba", "b", "a"], "baba".match(/(.)(?<a>a)\1\2/u));
assertEquals(["baba", "b", "a", "b", "a"],
    "baba".match(/(.)(?<a>a)(?<b>\1)(\2)/u));
assertEquals(["<a", "<"], "<a".match(/(?<lt><)a/u));
assertEquals([">a", ">"], ">a".match(/(?<gt>>)a/u));

// Named references.
assertEquals(["bab", "b"], "bab".match(/(?<b>.).\k<b>/u));
assertNull("baa".match(/(?<b>.).\k<b>/u));

// Nested groups.
assertEquals(["bab", "bab", "ab", "b"], "bab".match(/(?<a>.(?<b>.(?<c>.)))/u));
assertEquals({a: "bab", b: "ab", c: "b"},
             "bab".match(/(?<a>.(?<b>.(?<c>.)))/u).groups);

// Reference inside group.
assertEquals(["bab", "b"], "bab".match(/(?<a>\k<a>\w)../u));
assertEquals({a: "b"}, "bab".match(/(?<a>\k<a>\w)../u).groups);

// Reference before group.
assertEquals(["bab", "b"], "bab".match(/\k<a>(?<a>b)\w\k<a>/u));
assertEquals({a: "b"}, "bab".match(/\k<a>(?<a>b)\w\k<a>/u).groups);
assertEquals(["bab", "b", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<b>b)\k<a>(?<a>a)\k<b>/u));
assertEquals({a: "a", b: "b"},
             "bab".match(/(?<b>b)\k<a>(?<a>a)\k<b>/u).groups);

assertEquals(["bab", "b"], "bab".match(/\k<a>(?<a>b)\w\k<a>/));
assertEquals(["bab", "b", "a"], "bab".match(/(?<b>b)\k<a>(?<a>a)\k<b>/));

// Reference properties.
assertEquals("a", /(?<a>a)(?<b>b)\k<a>/u.exec("aba").groups.a);
assertEquals("b", /(?<a>a)(?<b>b)\k<a>/u.exec("aba").groups.b);
assertEquals(undefined, /(?<a>a)(?<b>b)\k<a>/u.exec("aba").groups.c);
assertEquals(undefined, /(?<a>a)(?<b>b)\k<a>|(?<c>c)/u.exec("aba").groups.c);

// Unicode names.
assertEquals("a", /(?<π>a)/u.exec("bab").groups.π);
assertEquals("a", /(?<\u{03C0}>a)/u.exec("bab").groups.π);
assertEquals("a", /(?<π>a)/u.exec("bab").groups.\u03C0);
assertEquals("a", /(?<\u{03C0}>a)/u.exec("bab").groups.\u03C0);
assertEquals("a", /(?<$>a)/u.exec("bab").groups.$);
assertEquals("a", /(?<_>a)/u.exec("bab").groups._);
assertEquals("a", /(?<$𐒤>a)/u.exec("bab").groups.$𐒤);
assertEquals("a", /(?<_\u200C>a)/u.exec("bab").groups._\u200C);
assertEquals("a", /(?<_\u200D>a)/u.exec("bab").groups._\u200D);
assertEquals("a", /(?<ಠ_ಠ>a)/u.exec("bab").groups.ಠ_ಠ);
assertThrows('/(?<❤>a)/u', SyntaxError);
assertThrows('/(?<𐒤>a)/u', SyntaxError);  // ID_Continue but not ID_Start.

assertEquals("a", /(?<π>a)/.exec("bab").groups.π);
assertEquals("a", /(?<$>a)/.exec("bab").groups.$);
assertEquals("a", /(?<_>a)/.exec("bab").groups._);
assertEquals("a", /(?<$𐒤>a)/.exec("bab").groups.$𐒤);
assertEquals("a", /(?<ಠ_ಠ>a)/.exec("bab").groups.ಠ_ಠ);
assertThrows('/(?<❤>a)/', SyntaxError);
assertThrows('/(?<𐒤>a)/', SyntaxError);  // ID_Continue but not ID_Start.

// Interaction with lookbehind assertions.
assertEquals(["f", "c"], "abcdef".match(/(?<=(?<a>\w){3})f/u));
assertEquals({a: "c"}, "abcdef".match(/(?<=(?<a>\w){3})f/u).groups);
assertEquals({a: "b"}, "abcdef".match(/(?<=(?<a>\w){4})f/u).groups);
assertEquals({a: "a"}, "abcdef".match(/(?<=(?<a>\w)+)f/u).groups);
assertNull("abcdef".match(/(?<=(?<a>\w){6})f/u));

assertEquals(["f", ""], "abcdef".match(/((?<=\w{3}))f/u));
assertEquals(["f", ""], "abcdef".match(/(?<a>(?<=\w{3}))f/u));

assertEquals(["f", undefined], "abcdef".match(/(?<!(?<a>\d){3})f/u));
assertNull("abcdef".match(/(?<!(?<a>\D){3})f/u));

assertEquals(["f", undefined], "abcdef".match(/(?<!(?<a>\D){3})f|f/u));
assertEquals(["f", undefined], "abcdef".match(/(?<a>(?<!\D{3}))f|f/u));

// Properties created on result.groups.
assertEquals(["fst", "snd"],
             Object.getOwnPropertyNames(
                 /(?<fst>.)|(?<snd>.)/u.exec("abcd").groups));

// The '__proto__' property on the groups object.
assertEquals(undefined, /(?<a>.)/u.exec("a").groups.__proto__);
assertEquals("a", /(?<__proto__>a)/u.exec("a").groups.__proto__);

// Backslash as ID_Start and ID_Continue (v8:5868).
assertThrows("/(?<\\>.)/", SyntaxError);   // '\' misclassified as ID_Start.
assertThrows("/(?<a\\>.)/", SyntaxError);  // '\' misclassified as ID_Continue.

// Backreference before the group (exercises the capture mini-parser).
assertThrows("/\\1(?:.)/u", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/\\1(?<=a)./u", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/\\1(?<!a)./u", SyntaxError);
assertEquals(["a", "a"], /\1(?<a>.)/u.exec("abcd"));

// Unicode escapes in capture names.
assertTrue(/(?<a\uD801\uDCA4>.)/u.test("a"));  // \u Lead \u Trail
assertThrows("/(?<a\\uD801>.)/u", SyntaxError);  // \u Lead
assertThrows("/(?<a\\uDCA4>.)/u", SyntaxError);  // \u Trail
assertTrue(/(?<\u0041>.)/u.test("a"));  // \u NonSurrogate
assertTrue(/(?<\u{0041}>.)/u.test("a"));  // \u{ Non-surrogate }
assertTrue(/(?<a\u{104A4}>.)/u.test("a"));  // \u{ Surrogate, ID_Continue }
assertThrows("/(?<a\\u{110000}>.)/u", SyntaxError);  // \u{ Out-of-bounds }
assertThrows("/(?<a\\uD801>.)/u", SyntaxError);  // Lead
assertThrows("/(?<a\\uDCA4>.)/u", SyntaxError);  // Trail
assertThrows("/(?<a\uD801>.)/u", SyntaxError);  // Lead
assertThrows("/(?<a\uDCA4>.)/u", SyntaxError);  // Trail
assertTrue(RegExp("(?<\\u{0041}>.)", "u").test("a"));  // Non-surrogate
assertTrue(RegExp("(?<a\\u{104A4}>.)", "u").test("a"));  // Surrogate,ID_Continue
assertTrue(RegExp("(?<\u{0041}>.)", "u").test("a"));  // Non-surrogate
assertTrue(RegExp("(?<a\u{104A4}>.)", "u").test("a"));  // Surrogate,ID_Continue
assertTrue(RegExp("(?<\\u0041>.)", "u").test("a"));  // Non-surrogate

assertThrows("/(?<a\\uD801\uDCA4>.)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a\\uD801>.)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a\\uDCA4>.)/", SyntaxError);
assertTrue(/(?<\u0041>.)/.test("a"));
assertTrue(/(?<\u{0041}>.)/.test("a"));
assertTrue(/(?<a\u{104A4}>.)/.test("a"));
assertThrows("/(?<a\\u{10FFFF}>.)/", SyntaxError);
assertThrows("/(?<a\\uD801>.)/", SyntaxError);     // Lead
assertThrows("/(?<a\\uDCA4>.)/", SyntaxError);     // Trail
assertThrows("/(?<a\uD801>.)/", SyntaxError);      // Lead
assertThrows("/(?<a\uDCA4>.)/", SyntaxError);      // Trail
assertTrue(/(?<\u{0041}>.)/.test("a"));            // Non-surrogate
assertTrue(/(?<a\u{104A4}>.)/.test("a"));          // Surrogate, ID_Continue
assertTrue(RegExp("(?<\u{0041}>.)").test("a"));    // Non-surrogate
assertTrue(RegExp("(?<a\u{104A4}>.)").test("a"));  // Surrogate, ID_Continue
assertTrue(RegExp("(?<\\u0041>.)").test("a"));     // Non-surrogate

// @@replace with a callable replacement argument (no named captures).
{
  let result = "abcd".replace(/(.)(.)/u, (match, fst, snd, offset, str) => {
    assertEquals("ab", match);
    assertEquals("a", fst);
    assertEquals("b", snd);
    assertEquals(0, offset);
    assertEquals("abcd", str);
    return `${snd}${fst}`;
  });
  assertEquals("bacd", result);

  assertEquals("undefinedbcd", "abcd".replace(/(.)|(.)/u,
      (match, fst, snd, offset, str) => snd));
}

// @@replace with a callable replacement argument (global, named captures).
{
  let i = 0;
  let result = "abcd".replace(/(?<fst>.)(?<snd>.)/gu,
      (match, fst, snd, offset, str, groups) => {
    if (i == 0) {
      assertEquals("ab", match);
      assertEquals("a", groups.fst);
      assertEquals("b", groups.snd);
      assertEquals("a", fst);
      assertEquals("b", snd);
      assertEquals(0, offset);
      assertEquals("abcd", str);
    } else if (i == 1) {
      assertEquals("cd", match);
      assertEquals("c", groups.fst);
      assertEquals("d", groups.snd);
      assertEquals("c", fst);
      assertEquals("d", snd);
      assertEquals(2, offset);
      assertEquals("abcd", str);
    } else {
      assertUnreachable();
    }
    i++;
    return `${groups.snd}${groups.fst}`;
  });
  assertEquals("badc", result);

  assertEquals("undefinedundefinedundefinedundefined",
      "abcd".replace(/(?<fst>.)|(?<snd>.)/gu,
            (match, fst, snd, offset, str, groups) => groups.snd));
}

// @@replace with a callable replacement argument (non-global, named captures).
{
  let result = "abcd".replace(/(?<fst>.)(?<snd>.)/u,
      (match, fst, snd, offset, str, groups) => {
    assertEquals("ab", match);
    assertEquals("a", groups.fst);
    assertEquals("b", groups.snd);
    assertEquals("a", fst);
    assertEquals("b", snd);
    assertEquals(0, offset);
    assertEquals("abcd", str);
    return `${groups.snd}${groups.fst}`;
  });
  assertEquals("bacd", result);

  assertEquals("undefinedbcd",
      "abcd".replace(/(?<fst>.)|(?<snd>.)/u,
            (match, fst, snd, offset, str, groups) => groups.snd));
}

function toSlowMode(re) {
  re.exec = (str) => RegExp.prototype.exec.call(re, str);
  return re;
}

// @@replace with a callable replacement argument (slow, global,
// named captures).
{
  let i = 0;
  let re = toSlowMode(/(?<fst>.)(?<snd>.)/gu);
  let result = "abcd".replace(re, (match, fst, snd, offset, str, groups) => {
    if (i == 0) {
      assertEquals("ab", match);
      assertEquals("a", groups.fst);
      assertEquals("b", groups.snd);
      assertEquals("a", fst);
      assertEquals("b", snd);
      assertEquals(0, offset);
      assertEquals("abcd", str);
    } else if (i == 1) {
      assertEquals("cd", match);
      assertEquals("c", groups.fst);
      assertEquals("d", groups.snd);
      assertEquals("c", fst);
      assertEquals("d", snd);
      assertEquals(2, offset);
      assertEquals("abcd", str);
    } else {
      assertUnreachable();
    }
    i++;
    return `${groups.snd}${groups.fst}`;
  });
  assertEquals("badc", result);

  assertEquals("undefinedundefinedundefinedundefined",
      "abcd".replace(toSlowMode(/(?<fst>.)|(?<snd>.)/gu),
            (match, fst, snd, offset, str, groups) => groups.snd));
}

// @@replace with a callable replacement argument (slow, non-global,
// named captures).
{
  let re = toSlowMode(/(?<fst>.)(?<snd>.)/u);
  let result = "abcd".replace(re, (match, fst, snd, offset, str, groups) => {
    assertEquals("ab", match);
    assertEquals("a", groups.fst);
    assertEquals("b", groups.snd);
    assertEquals("a", fst);
    assertEquals("b", snd);
    assertEquals(0, offset);
    assertEquals("abcd", str);
    return `${groups.snd}${groups.fst}`;
  });
  assertEquals("bacd", result);

  assertEquals("undefinedbcd",
      "abcd".replace(toSlowMode(/(?<fst>.)|(?<snd>.)/u),
            (match, fst, snd, offset, str, groups) => groups.snd));
}

// @@replace with a string replacement argument (no named captures).
{
  let re = /(.)(.)|(x)/u;
  assertEquals("$<snd>$<fst>cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd>$<fst>"));
  assertEquals("bacd", "abcd".replace(re, "$2$1"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$3"));
  assertEquals("$<sndcd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd"));
  assertEquals("$<sndacd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd$1"));
  assertEquals("$<42a>cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<42$1>"));
  assertEquals("$<fth>cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<fth>"));
  assertEquals("$<a>cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<$1>"));
}

// @@replace with a string replacement argument (global, named captures).
{
  let re = /(?<fst>.)(?<snd>.)|(?<thd>x)/gu;
  assertEquals("badc", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd>$<fst>"));
  assertEquals("badc", "abcd".replace(re, "$2$1"));
  assertEquals("", "abcd".replace(re, "$<thd>"));
  assertEquals("$<snd$<snd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd"));
  assertEquals("$<snda$<sndc", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd$1"));
  assertEquals("", "abcd".replace(re, "$<42$1>"));
  assertEquals("", "abcd".replace(re, "$<fth>"));
  assertEquals("", "abcd".replace(re, "$<$1>"));
}

// @@replace with a string replacement argument (non-global, named captures).
{
  let re = /(?<fst>.)(?<snd>.)|(?<thd>x)/u;
  assertEquals("bacd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd>$<fst>"));
  assertEquals("bacd", "abcd".replace(re, "$2$1"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<thd>"));
  assertEquals("$<sndcd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd"));
  assertEquals("$<sndacd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd$1"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<42$1>"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<fth>"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<$1>"));
}

// @@replace with a string replacement argument (slow, global, named captures).
{
  let re = toSlowMode(/(?<fst>.)(?<snd>.)|(?<thd>x)/gu);
  assertEquals("badc", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd>$<fst>"));
  assertEquals("badc", "abcd".replace(re, "$2$1"));
  assertEquals("", "abcd".replace(re, "$<thd>"));
  assertEquals("$<snd$<snd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd"));
  assertEquals("$<snda$<sndc", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd$1"));
  assertEquals("", "abcd".replace(re, "$<42$1>"));
  assertEquals("", "abcd".replace(re, "$<fth>"));
  assertEquals("", "abcd".replace(re, "$<$1>"));
}

// @@replace with a string replacement argument (slow, non-global,
// named captures).
{
  let re = toSlowMode(/(?<fst>.)(?<snd>.)|(?<thd>x)/u);
  assertEquals("bacd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd>$<fst>"));
  assertEquals("bacd", "abcd".replace(re, "$2$1"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<thd>"));
  assertEquals("$<sndcd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd"));
  assertEquals("$<sndacd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<snd$1"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<42$1>"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<fth>"));
  assertEquals("cd", "abcd".replace(re, "$<$1>"));
}

// Named captures are ordered by capture index on the groups object.
// https://crbug.com/v8/9822

{
  const r = /(?<BKey>.+)\s(?<AKey>.+)/;
  const s = 'example string';
  assertArrayEquals(["BKey", "AKey"], Object.keys(r.exec(s).groups));
}

// Tests for 'groups' semantics on the regexp result object.
// https://crbug.com/v8/7192

{
  const re = /./;
  const result = re.exec("a");
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals(result.__proto__, Array.prototype);
  assertTrue(result.hasOwnProperty('groups'));
  assertArrayEquals(["a"], result);
  assertEquals(0, result.index);
  assertEquals(undefined, result.groups);

  Array.prototype.groups = { a: "b" };
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals("$<a>", "a".replace(re, "$<a>"));
  Array.prototype.groups = undefined;
}

{
  const re = toSlowMode(/./);
  const result = re.exec("a");
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals(result.__proto__, Array.prototype);
  assertTrue(result.hasOwnProperty('groups'));
  assertArrayEquals(["a"], result);
  assertEquals(0, result.index);
  assertEquals(undefined, result.groups);

  Array.prototype.groups = { a: "b" };
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals("$<a>", "a".replace(re, "$<a>"));
  Array.prototype.groups = undefined;
}

{
  const re = /(?<a>a).|(?<x>x)/;
  const result = re.exec("ab");
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals(result.__proto__, Array.prototype);
  assertTrue(result.hasOwnProperty('groups'));
  assertArrayEquals(["ab", "a", undefined], result);
  assertEquals(0, result.index);
  assertEquals({a: "a", x: undefined}, result.groups);

  // a is a matched named capture, b is an unmatched named capture, and z
  // is not a named capture.
  Array.prototype.groups = { a: "b", x: "y", z: "z" };
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals("a", "ab".replace(re, "$<a>"));
  assertEquals("", "ab".replace(re, "$<x>"));
  assertEquals("", "ab".replace(re, "$<z>"));
  Array.prototype.groups = undefined;
}

{
  const re = toSlowMode(/(?<a>a).|(?<x>x)/);
  const result = re.exec("ab");
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals(result.__proto__, Array.prototype);
  assertTrue(result.hasOwnProperty('groups'));
  assertArrayEquals(["ab", "a", undefined], result);
  assertEquals(0, result.index);
  assertEquals({a: "a", x: undefined}, result.groups);

  // a is a matched named capture, b is an unmatched named capture, and z
  // is not a named capture.
  Array.prototype.groups = { a: "b", x: "y", z: "z" };
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals("a", "ab".replace(re, "$<a>"));
  assertEquals("", "ab".replace(re, "$<x>"));
  assertEquals("", "ab".replace(re, "$<z>"));
  Array.prototype.groups = undefined;
}

{
  class FakeRegExp extends RegExp {
    exec(subject) {
      const fake_result = [ "ab", "a" ];
      fake_result.index = 0;
      // groups is not set, triggering prototype lookup.
      return fake_result;
    }
  };

  const re = new FakeRegExp();
  const result = re.exec("ab");
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals(result.__proto__, Array.prototype);
  assertFalse(result.hasOwnProperty('groups'));

  Array.prototype.groups = { a: "b" };
  Array.prototype.groups.__proto__.b = "c";
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals("b", "ab".replace(re, "$<a>"));
  assertEquals("c", "ab".replace(re, "$<b>"));
  Array.prototype.groups = undefined;
}

{
  class FakeRegExp extends RegExp {
    exec(subject) {
      const fake_result = [ "ab", "a" ];
      fake_result.index = 0;
      fake_result.groups = { a: "b" };
      fake_result.groups.__proto__.b = "c";
      return fake_result;
    }
  };

  const re = new FakeRegExp();
  const result = re.exec("ab");
  assertTrue(%ArraySpeciesProtector());
  assertEquals(result.__proto__, Array.prototype);
  assertTrue(result.hasOwnProperty('groups'));
  assertEquals({ a: "b" }, result.groups);

  assertEquals("b", "ab".replace(re, "$<a>"));
  assertEquals("c", "ab".replace(re, "$<b>"));
}