---
title: Migrating from Elasticsearch
description: Feature comparison and migration guide for Elasticsearch users moving to ParadeDB
canonical: https://docs.paradedb.com/documentation/migration/elasticsearch-feature-comparison
---

This page is for developers who are evaluating or actively migrating from Elasticsearch (or OpenSearch) to ParadeDB.
ParadeDB delivers Elastic-quality full-text search as a Postgres extension, so your data, queries, and infrastructure
all live inside Postgres — no ETL pipelines, no separate cluster to manage.

## Key Differences

|                     | Elasticsearch                                | ParadeDB                                       |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| **Query language**  | JSON DSL                                     | Standard SQL with search operators             |
| **Data model**      | Denormalized documents                       | Normalized relational tables with JOINs        |
| **Transactions**    | Per-document atomicity, eventual consistency | Full ACID transactions                         |
| **Index storage**   | Separate cluster                             | Inside Postgres (same database)                |
| **Schema changes**  | Dynamic mapping or reindex                   | Defined at index creation; `REINDEX` to change |
| **Updates/deletes** | Expensive (reindex internally)               | Native Postgres operations                     |

## Migration Tips

- **Start with your most common queries.** Map your highest-traffic Elasticsearch queries using the
  [full-text search reference](/documentation/full-text/overview).
- **Use SQL JOINs instead of denormalization.** Elasticsearch requires denormalized documents, but ParadeDB supports
  full SQL JOINs. You can normalize your schema and simplify your data model.
- **Continue to use Postgres tooling.** Backups, replication, monitoring, and CI/CD integrate with standard Postgres tools
  you already use.

## Feature Comparison

## Query Capabilities

| Feature                     | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                                                                                                                                     |
| --------------------------- | :-----------: | :------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Full-text search (BM25)     |      ✅       |    ✅    | [Match and phrase operators](/documentation/full-text/overview)                                                                                                           |
| Fuzzy matching              |      ✅       |    ✅    | Max edit distance of 2 via [`pdb.fuzzy()`](/documentation/full-text/fuzzy)                                                                                                |
| Phrase matching             |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`###` operator](/documentation/full-text/phrase)                                                                                                                         |
| Phrase prefix               |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`pdb.phrase_prefix()`](/documentation/query-builder/phrase/phrase-prefix)                                                                                                |
| Regular expressions         |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`pdb.regex()`](/documentation/query-builder/term/regex)                                                                                                                  |
| Wildcard queries            |      ✅       |    ✅    | Via [regex](/documentation/query-builder/term/regex)                                                                                                                      |
| Boolean queries             |      ✅       |    ✅    | Via SQL `AND`/`OR`/`NOT` or [`paradedb.boolean`](/documentation/query-builder/overview)                                                                                   |
| Proximity search            |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`##` operator](/documentation/full-text/proximity)                                                                                                                       |
| More Like This              |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`paradedb.more_like_this`](/documentation/query-builder/specialized/more-like-this)                                                                                      |
| Nested queries              |      ✅       |    ✅    | Via SQL [`JOIN`s](/documentation/joins/overview)                                                                                                                          |
| Parent-child queries        |      ✅       |    ✅    | Via SQL [`JOIN`s](/documentation/joins/overview)                                                                                                                          |
| Geo queries                 |      ✅       |    ❌    | Use [PostGIS](https://postgis.net/)                                                                                                                                       |
| Percolator (reverse search) |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                                                                                                                           |
| Script-based scoring        |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                                                                                                                           |
| Suggesters (autocomplete)   |      ✅       |    ✅    | Via [search_tokenizer](/documentation/tokenizers/search-tokenizer) (index with ngram, search with unicode) or [fuzzy prefix](/documentation/full-text/fuzzy#fuzzy-prefix) |

## Text Analysis

| Feature                        | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| ------------------------------ | :-----------: | :------: | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Custom tokenizers              |      ✅       |    ✅    | 12+ built-in [tokenizers](/documentation/tokenizers/overview)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Token filters                  |      ✅       |    ✅    | 7 [filters](/documentation/token-filters/overview): [lowercase](/documentation/token-filters/lowercase), [stemmer](/documentation/token-filters/stemming), [stopwords](/documentation/token-filters/stopwords), [ascii_folding](/documentation/token-filters/ascii-folding), [alpha_num_only](/documentation/token-filters/alphanumeric), [trim](/documentation/token-filters/trim), [token_length](/documentation/token-filters/token-length) |
| Character filters              |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| Synonyms                       |      ✅       |    ⚠️    | Coming soon                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| Different search-time analyzer |      ✅       |    ✅    | Via [search_tokenizer](/documentation/tokenizers/search-tokenizer) or [multiple tokenizers per field](/documentation/tokenizers/multiple-per-field)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| Multi-language support         |      ✅       |    ✅    | Chinese ([Jieba](/documentation/tokenizers/available-tokenizers/jieba)), Japanese/Korean ([Lindera](/documentation/tokenizers/available-tokenizers/lindera)), [ICU](/documentation/tokenizers/available-tokenizers/icu)                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| Stemming                       |      ✅       |    ✅    | [19 languages](/documentation/token-filters/stemming)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| Stopwords                      |      ✅       |    ✅    | [29 languages](/documentation/token-filters/stopwords)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| N-gram tokenization            |      ✅       |    ✅    | [Configurable](/documentation/tokenizers/available-tokenizers/ngrams) min/max gram size                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |

## Aggregations

| Feature                   | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| ------------------------- | :-----------: | :------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Bucket aggregations       |      ✅       |    ✅    | [terms](/documentation/aggregates/bucket/terms), [histogram](/documentation/aggregates/bucket/histogram), [date_histogram](/documentation/aggregates/bucket/datehistogram), [range](/documentation/aggregates/bucket/range), [filters](/documentation/aggregates/bucket/filters)                                                                                                                                                           |
| Metric aggregations       |      ✅       |    ✅    | [avg](/documentation/aggregates/metrics/average), [sum](/documentation/aggregates/metrics/sum), [min/max](/documentation/aggregates/metrics/minmax), [count](/documentation/aggregates/metrics/count), [stats](/documentation/aggregates/metrics/stats), [percentiles](/documentation/aggregates/metrics/percentiles), [cardinality](/documentation/aggregates/metrics/cardinality), [top_hits](/documentation/aggregates/metrics/tophits) |
| Pipeline aggregations     |      ✅       |    ✅    | Use SQL window functions (`SUM() OVER()`, `LAG()`, etc.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| Nested aggregations       |      ✅       |    ✅    | Use `pdb.agg()` with SQL `GROUP BY`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| ES-compatible JSON syntax |       —       |    ✅    | [`pdb.agg()`](/documentation/aggregates/overview) accepts ES JSON directly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| SQL GROUP BY              |    Limited    |    ✅    | Full SQL aggregation support                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |

<Note>
  Since `pdb.agg()` accepts Elasticsearch-compatible JSON, many of your existing
  aggregation queries can be migrated with minimal changes. See the [aggregates
  documentation](/documentation/aggregates/overview).
</Note>

## Scoring and Relevance

| Feature            | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                                                                                      |
| ------------------ | :-----------: | :------: | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| BM25 scoring       |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`pdb.score()`](/documentation/sorting/score)                                                                              |
| Custom boost       |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`pdb.boost()`](/documentation/sorting/boost) type cast                                                                    |
| Constant score     |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`pdb.const()`](/documentation/sorting/boost#constant-scoring)                                                             |
| Disjunction max    |      ✅       |    ✅    | `paradedb.disjunction_max()`                                                                                               |
| Function score     |      ✅       |    ❌    | Use [boost](/documentation/sorting/boost) / [const](/documentation/sorting/boost#constant-scoring) as partial alternatives |
| Script scoring     |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                                                                            |
| Decay functions    |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                                                                            |
| Field value factor |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                                                                            |

## Highlighting

| Feature              | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                                        |
| -------------------- | :-----------: | :------: | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Snippet highlighting |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`pdb.snippet()`](/documentation/full-text/highlight)                        |
| Multiple snippets    |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`pdb.snippets()`](/documentation/full-text/highlight#multiple-snippets)     |
| Custom tags          |      ✅       |    ✅    | `start_tag`, `end_tag` parameters                                            |
| Byte offsets         |      ❌       |    ✅    | [`pdb.snippet_positions()`](/documentation/full-text/highlight#byte-offsets) |
| Fuzzy highlighting   |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                              |

## Index Management

| Feature           | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                                               |
| ----------------- | :-----------: | :------: | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Create index      |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`CREATE INDEX ... USING bm25`](/documentation/indexing/create-index)               |
| Drop index        |      ✅       |    ✅    | `DROP INDEX`                                                                        |
| Reindex           |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`REINDEX`](/documentation/indexing/reindexing)                                     |
| Index aliases     |      ✅       |    ✅    | Via Postgres views                                                                  |
| Index templates   |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                                     |
| Dynamic mapping   |      ✅       |    ❌    | Schema defined at index creation; requires `REINDEX` to change                      |
| Multi-field index |      ✅       |    ✅    | All columns included in [one index per table](/documentation/indexing/create-index) |

## Data Operations

| Feature            | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                                                 |
| ------------------ | :-----------: | :------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ACID transactions  |      ❌       |    ✅    | Full Postgres ACID compliance                                                         |
| Real-time indexing |      ⚠️       |    ✅    | ES is near-real-time (requires refresh); ParadeDB provides immediate read-after-write |
| JOINs              |      ❌       |    ✅    | Full SQL [JOIN](/documentation/joins/overview) support                                |
| UPDATE / DELETE    |      ⚠️       |    ✅    | ES internally reindexes; Postgres handles natively                                    |
| Bulk insert        |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`COPY` or batch `INSERT`](/documentation/performance-tuning/writes)                  |
| SQL queries        |      ❌       |    ✅    | Full SQL including subqueries, CTEs, window functions                                 |

## Deployment and Operations

| Feature                    | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                                      |
| -------------------------- | :-----------: | :------: | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Horizontal sharding        |      ✅       |    ⚠️    | Via [Citus](/deploy/citus) for distributed workloads                       |
| Read replicas              |      ✅       |    ✅    | Postgres streaming replication                                             |
| Kubernetes                 |      ✅       |    ✅    | [CNPG / Helm charts](/deploy/self-hosted/kubernetes)                       |
| Docker                     |      ✅       |    ✅    | [Official Docker image](/documentation/getting-started/install)            |
| Logical replication ingest |      ❌       |    ✅    | [Sync from existing Postgres](/deploy/logical-replication/getting-started) |
| Cross-cluster search       |      ✅       |    ❌    |                                                                            |
| Snapshot / restore         |      ✅       |    ✅    | Via Postgres backup tools (pg_dump, WAL archiving)                         |
| Monitoring                 |      ✅       |    ✅    | pg_stat, pganalyze, standard Postgres tools                                |

## Pagination

| Feature            | Elasticsearch | ParadeDB | Notes                                                            |
| ------------------ | :-----------: | :------: | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `from` / `size`    |      ✅       |    ✅    | SQL `LIMIT` / `OFFSET`                                           |
| `scroll` API       |      ✅       |    ❌    | Use SQL cursors (`DECLARE` / `FETCH`) instead                    |
| `search_after`     |      ✅       |    ❌    | Use keyset pagination (`WHERE id > last_id ORDER BY id`) instead |
| Top K optimization |      ✅       |    ✅    | [`paradedb.limit_fetch_multiplier`](/documentation/sorting/topk) |
