---
title: Google Cloud Storage
---

## Overview

This code block demonstrates how to query Parquet file(s) stored in Google Cloud Storage (GCS).
The file path must start with `gs://`.

```sql
-- Parquet format is assumed
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER parquet_wrapper
HANDLER parquet_fdw_handler
VALIDATOR parquet_fdw_validator;

CREATE SERVER parquet_server
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER parquet_wrapper;

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE parquet_table ()
SERVER parquet_server
OPTIONS (files 'gs://<bucket>/<path>/<file>.parquet');
```

The glob pattern can be used to query a directory of files.

```sql
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE parquet_table ()
SERVER parquet_server
OPTIONS (files 'gs://<bucket>/<path>/*.parquet');
```

## Providing Credentials

`CREATE USER MAPPING` is used to provide GCS credentials. These credentials are tied to a specific Postgres user, which enables
multiple users to query the same foreign table with their own credentials.

[HMAC keys](https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/settings;tab=interoperability) are used for authentication.

```sql
CREATE USER MAPPING FOR <current_user>
SERVER <server_name>
OPTIONS (
  type 'GCS',
  key_id '<key_id>',
  secret '<secret>'
);
```

Because GCS is accessed with the S3 API, GCS accepts the same user mapping options as S3.
Please see the [S3 documentation](/integrations/object_stores/s3#credentials-options) for other available options.
