LOAD 'pg_hint_plan';
SET pg_hint_plan.enable_hint TO on;
SET pg_hint_plan.debug_print TO on;
SET client_min_messages TO LOG;
SET search_path TO public;
SET max_parallel_workers_per_gather TO 0;

EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

----
---- No. L-1-1 specified pattern of the object name
----

-- No. L-1-1-1
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-1-2
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1 t_1, s1.t2 t_2, s1.t3 t_3, s1.t4 t_4 WHERE t_1.c1 = t_2.c1 AND t_1.c1 = t_3.c1 AND t_1.c1 = t_4.c1;

-- No. L-1-1-3
/*+Leading(t_4 t_2 t_3 t_1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1 t_1, s1.t2 t_2, s1.t3 t_3, s1.t4 t_4 WHERE t_1.c1 = t_2.c1 AND t_1.c1 = t_3.c1 AND t_1.c1 = t_4.c1;

----
---- No. L-1-2 specified schema name in the hint option
----

-- No. L-1-2-1
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-2-2
/*+Leading(s1.t4 s1.t2 s1.t3 s1.t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

----
---- No. L-1-3 table doesn't exist in the hint option
----

-- No. L-1-3-1
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-3-2
/*+Leading(t5 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

----
---- No. L-1-4 conflict table name
----

-- No. L-1-4-1
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-4-2
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s2.t1 WHERE s1.t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = s2.t1.c1;
/*+Leading(t1 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s2.t1 WHERE s1.t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = s2.t1.c1;
/*+Leading(s1.t1 t2 t3 s2.t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s2.t1 WHERE s1.t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = s2.t1.c1;

EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s2.t1 s2t1 WHERE s1.t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = s2t1.c1;
/*+Leading(s2t1 t1 t3 t2)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s2.t1 s2t1 WHERE s1.t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND s1.t1.c1 = s2t1.c1;

-- No. L-1-4-3
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT *, (SELECT max(t1.c1) FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1) FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT *, (SELECT max(t1.c1) FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1) FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(st1 st2 st3 st4)Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT *, (SELECT max(st1.c1) FROM s1.t1 st1, s1.t2 st2, s1.t3 st3, s1.t4 st4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1) FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

----
---- No. L-1-5 conflict table name
----

-- No. L-1-5-1
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-5-2
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1 t4)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t4)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-5-3
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1 t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t2 t4)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

----
---- No. L-1-6 object type for the hint
----

-- No. L-1-6-1
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-6-2
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.p1 t1, s1.p1 t2, s1.p1 t3, s1.p1 t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.p1 t1, s1.p1 t2, s1.p1 t3, s1.p1 t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-6-3
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.ul1 t1, s1.ul1 t2, s1.ul1 t3, s1.ul1 t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.ul1 t1, s1.ul1 t2, s1.ul1 t3, s1.ul1 t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-6-4
CREATE TEMP TABLE tm1 (LIKE s1.t1 INCLUDING ALL);
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM tm1 t1, tm1 t2, tm1 t3, tm1 t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM tm1 t1, tm1 t2, tm1 t3, tm1 t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-6-5
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_class t1, pg_catalog.pg_class t2, pg_catalog.pg_class t3, pg_catalog.pg_class t4 WHERE t1.oid = t2.oid AND t1.oid = t3.oid AND t1.oid = t4.oid;
/*+Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_class t1, pg_catalog.pg_class t2, pg_catalog.pg_class t3, pg_catalog.pg_class t4 WHERE t1.oid = t2.oid AND t1.oid = t3.oid AND t1.oid = t4.oid;

-- No. L-1-6-6
-- refer ut-fdw.sql

-- No. L-1-6-7
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.f1() t1, s1.f1() t2, s1.f1() t3, s1.f1() t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.f1() t1, s1.f1() t2, s1.f1() t3, s1.f1() t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-6-8
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t1 (c1, c2, c3, c4), s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t1 (c1, c2, c3, c4), s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-6-9
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) WITH c1(c1) AS (SELECT st1.c1 FROM s1.t1 st1, s1.t1 st2, s1.t1 st3, s1.t1 st4 WHERE st1.c1 = st2.c1 AND st1.c1 = st3.c1 AND st1.c1 = st4.c1) SELECT * FROM c1 ct1, c1 ct2, c1 ct3, c1 ct4 WHERE ct1.c1 = ct2.c1 AND ct1.c1 = ct3.c1 AND ct1.c1 = ct4.c1;
/*+Leading(ct4 ct3 ct2 ct1)Leading(st4 st3 st2 st1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) WITH c1(c1) AS (SELECT st1.c1 FROM s1.t1 st1, s1.t1 st2, s1.t1 st3, s1.t1 st4 WHERE st1.c1 = st2.c1 AND st1.c1 = st3.c1 AND st1.c1 = st4.c1) SELECT * FROM c1 ct1, c1 ct2, c1 ct3, c1 ct4 WHERE ct1.c1 = ct2.c1 AND ct1.c1 = ct3.c1 AND ct1.c1 = ct4.c1;

-- No. L-1-6-10
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.v1 t1, s1.v1 t2, s1.v1 t3, s1.v1 t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.v1 t1, s1.v1 t2, s1.v1 t3, s1.v1 t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.v1 t1, s1.v1_ t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 v1t1_ v1t1 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.v1 t1, s1.v1_ t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-1-6-11
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, (SELECT t4.c1 FROM s1.t4) st4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = st4.c1;
/*+Leading(st4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, (SELECT t4.c1 FROM s1.t4) st4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = st4.c1;
/*+Leading(t4 t2 t3 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, (SELECT t4.c1 FROM s1.t4) st4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = st4.c1;

----
---- No. L-2-1 some complexity query blocks
----

-- No. L-2-1-1
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
;
/*+
Leading(bmt1 bmt2 bmt3 bmt4)
Leading(b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 b1t1)
Leading(b2t3 b2t4 b2t1 b2t2)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
;

-- No. L-2-1-2
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
), (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2, s1.t3 b3t3, s1.t4 b3t4 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t3.c1 AND b3t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t4.c1 AND b3t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
;
/*+
Leading(bmt1 bmt2 bmt3 bmt4)
Leading(b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 b1t1)
Leading(b2t3 b2t4 b2t1 b2t2)
Leading(b3t4 b3t1 b3t2 b3t3)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
), (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2, s1.t3 b3t3, s1.t4 b3t4 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t3.c1 AND b3t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t4.c1 AND b3t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
;

-- No. L-2-1-3
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t3 bmt3) sbmt3, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t4 bmt4) sbmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt3.c1 AND sbmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt4.c1 AND sbmt4.ctid = '(1,1)';
/*+
Leading(bmt4 bmt3 bmt2 bmt1)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t3 bmt3) sbmt3, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t4 bmt4) sbmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt3.c1 AND sbmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt4.c1 AND sbmt4.ctid = '(1,1)';

-- No. L-2-1-4
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t2 bmt2) sbmt2, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t3 bmt3) sbmt3, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t4 bmt4) sbmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt2.c1 AND sbmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt3.c1 AND sbmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt4.c1 AND sbmt4.ctid = '(1,1)';
/*+
Leading(bmt4 bmt3 bmt2 bmt1)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t2 bmt2) sbmt2, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t3 bmt3) sbmt3, (SELECT ctid, * FROM s1.t4 bmt4) sbmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt2.c1 AND sbmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt3.c1 AND sbmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = sbmt4.c1 AND sbmt4.ctid = '(1,1)';

-- No. L-2-1-5
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
  AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
) AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;
/*+
Leading(bmt1 bmt2 bmt3 bmt4)
Leading(b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 b1t1)
Leading(b2t3 b2t4 b2t1 b2t2)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
  AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
) AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;

-- No. L-2-1-6
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
  AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
) AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
) AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2, s1.t3 b3t3, s1.t4 b3t4 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t3.c1 AND b3t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t4.c1 AND b3t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;
/*+
Leading(bmt1 bmt2 bmt3 bmt4)
Leading(b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 b1t1)
Leading(b2t3 b2t4 b2t1 b2t2)
Leading(b3t4 b3t1 b3t2 b3t3)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
  AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
) AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
) AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2, s1.t3 b3t3, s1.t4 b3t4 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t3.c1 AND b3t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t4.c1 AND b3t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;

-- No. L-2-1-7
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
, c2 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4
, c1, c2
                                                                        WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 = c2.c1
;
/*+
Leading(c2 c1 bmt1 bmt2 bmt3 bmt4)
Leading(b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 b1t1)
Leading(b2t3 b2t4 b2t1 b2t2)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
, c2 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4
, c1, c2
                                                                        WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 = c2.c1
;

-- No. L-2-1-8
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
, c2 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
, c3 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2, s1.t3 b3t3, s1.t4 b3t4 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t3.c1 AND b3t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t4.c1 AND b3t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4
, c1, c2, c3
                                                                        WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 = c2.c1
AND bmt1.c1 = c3.c1
;
/*+
Leading(c3 c2 c1 bmt1 bmt2 bmt3 bmt4)
Leading(b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 b1t1)
Leading(b2t3 b2t4 b2t1 b2t2)
Leading(b3t4 b3t1 b3t2 b3t3)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
, c2 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
, c3 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2, s1.t3 b3t3, s1.t4 b3t4 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t3.c1 AND b3t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t4.c1 AND b3t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1) FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4
, c1, c2, c3
                                                                        WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)'
AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 = c2.c1
AND bmt1.c1 = c3.c1
;

----
---- No. L-2-2 the number of the tables per quiry block
----

-- No. L-2-2-1
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = 1
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = 1
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, c1 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = 1
AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = 1
)
;
/*+
Leading(c1 bmt1)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = 1
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = 1
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, c1 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = 1
AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = 1
)
;

-- No. L-2-2-2
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, c1 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)'
AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;
/*+
Leading(c1 bmt2 bmt1)
Leading(b1t2 b1t1)
Leading(b2t2 b2t1)
Leading(b3t2 b3t1)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, c1 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)'
AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;

-- No. L-2-2-3
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4, c1 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2, s1.t3 b3t3, s1.t4 b3t4 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t3.c1 AND b3t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t4.c1 AND b3t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;
/*+
Leading(c1 bmt4 bmt3 bmt2 bmt1)
Leading(b1t4 b1t3 b1t2 b1t1)
Leading(b2t4 b2t3 b2t2 b2t1)
Leading(b3t4 b3t3 b3t2 b3t1)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1, s1.t2 b2t2, s1.t3 b2t3, s1.t4 b2t4 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t2.c1 AND b2t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t3.c1 AND b2t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = b2t4.c1 AND b2t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4, c1 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1, s1.t2 b3t2, s1.t3 b3t3, s1.t4 b3t4 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t2.c1 AND b3t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t3.c1 AND b3t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b3t1.c1 = b3t4.c1 AND b3t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;

-- No. L-2-2-4
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = 1
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4, c1 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;
/*+
Leading(c1 bmt4 bmt3 bmt2 bmt1)
Leading(b1t4 b1t3 b1t2 b1t1)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false)
WITH c1 (c1) AS (
SELECT max(b1t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b1t1, s1.t2 b1t2, s1.t3 b1t3, s1.t4 b1t4 WHERE b1t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t2.c1 AND b1t2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t3.c1 AND b1t3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b1t1.c1 = b1t4.c1 AND b1t4.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
SELECT max(bmt1.c1), (
SELECT max(b2t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b2t1 WHERE b2t1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND b2t1.c1 = 1
)
                    FROM s1.t1 bmt1, s1.t2 bmt2, s1.t3 bmt3, s1.t4 bmt4, c1 WHERE bmt1.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt2.c1 AND bmt2.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt3.c1 AND bmt3.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = bmt4.c1 AND bmt4.ctid = '(1,1)' AND bmt1.c1 = c1.c1
AND bmt1.c1 <> (
SELECT max(b3t1.c1) FROM s1.t1 b3t1 WHERE b3t1.ctid = '(1,1)'
)
;

----
---- No. L-2-3 RULE or VIEW
----

-- No. L-2-3-1
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r1 SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
/*+ Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1 r1) */
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r1 SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r1_ SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
/*+ Leading(b1t1 b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 r1_) */
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r1_ SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';

-- No. L-2-3-2
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r2 SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
/*+ Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1 r2) */
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r2 SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r2_ SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
/*+
Leading(b1t1 b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 r2_)
Leading(b2t1 b2t2 b2t3 b2t4 r2_)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r2_ SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';

-- No. L-2-3-3
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r3 SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
/*+ Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1 r3) */
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r3 SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r3_ SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';
/*+
Leading(b1t1 b1t2 b1t3 b1t4 r3_)
Leading(b2t1 b2t2 b2t3 b2t4 r3_)
Leading(b3t1 b3t2 b3t3 b3t4 r3_)
*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) UPDATE s1.r3_ SET c1 = c1 WHERE c1 = 1 AND ctid = '(1,1)';

-- No. L-2-3-4
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.v1 v1, s1.v1 v2 WHERE v1.c1 = v2.c1;
/*+Leading(v1t1 v1t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.v1 v1, s1.v1 v2 WHERE v1.c1 = v2.c1;

-- No. L-2-3-5
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.v1 v1, s1.v1_ v2 WHERE v1.c1 = v2.c1;
/*+Leading(v1t1 v1t1_)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.v1 v1, s1.v1_ v2 WHERE v1.c1 = v2.c1;

----
---- No. L-2-4 VALUES clause
----

-- No. L-2-4-1
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t3 (c1, c2, c3, c4) WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;
/*+ Leading(t3 t1 t2) */
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t3 (c1, c2, c3, c4) WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;
/*+ Leading(*VALUES* t1 t2) */
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t3 (c1, c2, c3, c4) WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;

-- No. L-2-4-2
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t3 (c1, c2, c3, c4), (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t4 (c1, c2, c3, c4) WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+ Leading(t4 t3 t2 t1) */
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t3 (c1, c2, c3, c4), (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t4 (c1, c2, c3, c4) WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;
/*+ Leading(*VALUES* t3 t2 t1) */
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t3 (c1, c2, c3, c4), (VALUES(1,1,1,'1'), (2,2,2,'2')) AS t4 (c1, c2, c3, c4) WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

----
---- No. L-3-1 leading the order of table joins
----

EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;

-- No. L-3-1-1
/*+Leading(t3 t1 t2)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;

-- No. L-3-1-2
/*+Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;

----
---- No. L-3-2 GUC parameter to disable hints
----

EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;

-- No. L-3-2-1
Set geqo_threshold = 3;
Set geqo_seed = 0;
/*+Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;
Reset geqo_threshold;

-- No. L-3-2-2
Set geqo_threshold = 4;
Set geqo_seed = 0;
/*+Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1;
Reset geqo_threshold;

-- No. L-3-2-3
Set from_collapse_limit = 2;
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.v2 WHERE t1.c1 = v2.c1;
/*+Leading(t1 v2t1 v2t2)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.v2 WHERE t1.c1 = v2.c1;
Reset from_collapse_limit;

-- No. L-3-2-4
Set from_collapse_limit = 3;
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.v2 WHERE t1.c1 = v2.c1;
/*+Leading(v2t1 v2t2 t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.v2 WHERE t1.c1 = v2.c1;
Reset from_collapse_limit;

-- No. L-3-2-5
Set join_collapse_limit = 2;
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t3
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t3.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t1 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);
/*+Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t3
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t3.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t1 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);
Reset join_collapse_limit;

-- No. L-3-2-6
Set join_collapse_limit = 3;
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t3
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t3.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t1 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);
/*+Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t3
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t3.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t1 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);
Reset join_collapse_limit;

----
---- No. L-3-3 join between parents or between children
----

-- No. L-3-3-1
/*+Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.p2c1 t1
  JOIN s1.p2c2 t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.p2c3 t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

-- No. L-3-3-2
/*+Leading(p2c1c1 p2c2c1 p2c3c1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.p2c1 t1
  JOIN s1.p2c2 t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.p2c3 t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

----
---- No. L-3-4 conflict leading hint
----

-- No. L-3-4-1
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);
/*+Leading(t2 t3 t1)Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

-- No. L-3-4-2
/*+Leading(t3 t1 t2)Leading(t2 t3 t1)Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

-- No. L-3-4-3
/*+Leading(t2 t3 t1)Leading()*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

-- No. L-3-4-4
/*+Leading(t3 t1 t2)Leading(t2 t3 t1)Leading()*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

----
---- No. L-3-5 hint state output
----

-- No. L-3-5-1
/*+Leading()*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

-- No. L-3-5-2
/*+Leading(t1)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

-- No. L-3-5-3
/*+Leading(t1 t2)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

-- No. L-3-5-4
/*+Leading(t1 t2 t3)*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1
  JOIN s1.t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1)
  JOIN s1.t3 ON (t1.c1 = t3.c1);

----
---- No. L-3-6 specified Inner/Outer side
----

-- No. L-3-6-1
/*+Leading((t2))*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-3-6-2
/*+Leading((t2 t3))*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-3-6-3
/*+Leading((t2 t3 t4))*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-3-6-4
/*+Leading(((t1 t2) (t3 t4)))*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-3-6-5
/*+Leading((((t1 t3) t4) t2)))*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;

-- No. L-3-6-6
/*+Leading((t1 (t3 (t4 t2))))*/
EXPLAIN (COSTS false) SELECT * FROM s1.t1, s1.t2, s1.t3, s1.t4 WHERE t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c1 = t3.c1 AND t1.c1 = t4.c1;